Response of Cells to Ionizing Radiation
نویسندگان
چکیده
Ionizing radiation is encountered in our natural environment and is also generated and used by mankind, e.g., for medical uses. A better understanding of the biological effects of ionizing radiation will lead to better use of and better protection from radiation. In this chapter, the response of cells to radiation will be described and discussed. Some basic concepts of ionizing radiation will be briefly given in the beginning. The significant consequences of various types of radiation-induced DNA damages show that DNA is the principle target for biological effects of radiation. The misrepaired or unrepaired DNA damages, in particular DNA double strand breaks, will induce chromosomal aberrations and gene mutations. On the other hand, radiation-induced DNA double strand breaks play an important role in the induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. Radiationinduced bystander response, adaptive response and genomic instability are currently “hot-pots” in the radiobiological research. These three phenomena indicate the complexity of cellular responses to radiation, and will be introduced and discussed in this chapter. BASICS OF RADIOBIOLOGY
منابع مشابه
Radiation hormesis and adoptive response induced by low doses of limiting radiation
Ionizing radiation has long been known to produce detrimental biological effects. Although these harmful effects are the results of high doses of exposure, some other maladies such as mutation and cancer seems to be induced at low doses of exposure. In recent decades, however, some pioneer scientists have indicated that ionizing radiation like many other essential agents has toxic effects ...
متن کاملAssessment of adaptive response of gamma radiation in the operating room personnel exposed to anesthetic gases by measuring the expression of Ku 80, Ligase1 and P53 genes
Introduction: Staffs of operating room are continuously exposed to anesthetic gases and ionizing radiation. Adaptive response, as a defense mechanism, will occur when cells become exposed to a low dose of factors harming DNA that causes in the next exposures to higher doses o...
متن کاملAssessment of Adaptive Response of Gamma Radiation in the Operating Room Personnel Exposed to Anesthetic Gases by Measuring the Relative Gene Expression Changes Ku80, Ligase1 and P53
Background: Some operating room personnel are occupationally exposed to genotoxic agents such as anesthetic gases and ionizing radiation. Adaptive response, as a defense mechanism, will occur when cells become exposed to a low dose of factors harming DNA (priming dose), which in the subsequent exposure to higher dose of those factors (challenging dose), show more resistance and sensibility.. <b...
متن کاملRespiratory mutant and liquid holding recovery inhibition in yeast cells
Background: Cell ability to recover from radiation damage is of great relevance in cancer treatment. It is often believed that the inhibition of cell ability to the liquid holding recovery (LHR) may be an indicator of the overall suppression of cell ability to recover from potentially lethal radiation damage. However, the literature contains no experimental evidence whether the LHR inhibition m...
متن کاملRadio-adaptive response of peripheral blood lymphocytes following bystander effects induced by preirradiated CHO-K1 cells using the micronucleus assay
Background: Radio-adaptive response and bystander effects are known phenomena occurring in cells following exposure to ionizing radiation (IR). In this study we examined possible radio-adaptation of lymphocytes following bystander effects induced by CHO-K1 cells. Materials and Methods: Whole blood and CHO-K1 cells were cultured in RPMI-1640 complete medium. Cells were separately irradiated with...
متن کاملCellular response to ionizing radiation: A microRNA story
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) represent a class of small non-coding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. They play a crucial role in diverse cellular pathways. Ionizing radiation (IR) is one of the most important treatment protocols for patients that suffer from cancer and affects directly or indirectly cellular integration. Recently it has been discovered that mi...
متن کامل